Garbage Dispute

More recently, the environment caused by waste incineration controversy, has become a hot topic of China’s public environment. Over the past year, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Panyu, Nanjing, Shanghai and Beijing and other cities have erupted in mass disturbances varying in size, some people openly expressed their concerns about incineration plant affect the living environment. However, the message relevant government departments showed that waste incineration will become the new trend of China’s large cities waste. In Beijing, for example, on the beginning of this year’s “two sessions”, 283 delegates put forward the motion, garbage disposal, garbage directed at the critical situation in Beijing and trouble. After the Beijing municipal government to reach a consensus, after investigation, clearly put forward the “speed up the Solid Waste Incineration Plant and integrated treatment plant construction.” According to the plan, Beijing will be 100 invested in 2015 billion to build 40 waste disposal facilities, including nine garbage disposal incinerator. By then, the addition to those already operating for a year outside the high-security Tuen incineration plant, incineration plant Aso Wei, Beijing South Incineration Plant, Dong village, incineration plant, Liulitun incineration plant, the North heaven burning plants, palace burning plants, burning of Shunyi District plants and beam home burning plants will also be gradually put into operation, garbage incineration capacity will reach 8200 tons per day, garbage incineration ratio from the current 2% to 40%.

Behind the scheme is the ability to enhance the rate of Beijing’s garbage seriously lagging behind. From the municipal government statistics show that Beijing’s garbage in 1990, the total less than 200 million tons in 2008 soared to 6.72 million tons, 18.4 thousand tons daily. If according to the present rate of around 8% per year continued to rise in 2012 Beijing will reach the amount of garbage generated annual 9.14 million tons in 2015 will reach 11.52 million tons, 30,000 tons daily. A total of 23 is currently the city’s garbage disposal facilities, the design daily processing capacity of 10.4 thousand tons, the actual processing capacity has reached 17.4 thousand tons per day, with an average rate of 67% overload.

The whole of China with Beijing similar to the situation. According to statistics, in 1981 the national garbage removal is about 30 million tons, by 2004, has grown rapidly, 1.6 million tons, an annual growth rate of about 7% to 10%, and GDP growth rate of roughly the same.

Lack of follow-up processing power because of their rubbish if you do not burn, they can only enter the landfill. To say hard to believe, until 1993, when Beijing will continue to provide garbage removal out of the city, open-air piling up a simple approach. 1994 Beijing built the first modern landfill sites, and finally have the ability to refuse to do sound processing. However, with the rapid economic development, and soon was faced with no place to bury the situation. Chen, director of Beijing Municipal Administration Commission, said in an interview: “Beijing’s landfill sites are overloaded operation, four years less than five years, nowhere to refuse to fill out, so the construction of incineration plants for us to to say what is necessary. ”

However, waste incineration, if handled properly, will surely have a highly toxic dioxins, can not be said to be a perfect approach. The problem is, giving up landfill will not last forever. Long-distance transportation of garbage from the economic terms is clearly very uneconomical, the nearest city landfill will occupy valuable land resources, if the landfill technical imperfections, the same will produce a large number of harmful gases, and even pollute underground water. In recent years, involving landfill mass incidents are endless, social influence is also no way inferior to waste incineration.

In the end is incineration or landfill? Garbage problem zombies in here. To break the deadlock, the most important task is to reduce garbage.

Garbage

“To solve the general principle of municipal solid waste problem is ‘five of’ most important task is the reduction, to reduce overall amount of waste.” Deputy chief engineer of Beijing Municipal Administration Committee Wang Wei-ping on the reporter said, “The second is a resource, that is, waste recycling. The third is harmless, such as landfill or incineration. Fourth, socialization, government enterprises and the public must be involved. The fifth is in industrial production, to encourage enterprises to operate. ”

To do garbage, garbage must first find out the ingredients. Have been playing for over 20 years and refuse dealings of Wang Ping recalled that 20 years ago, Beijing’s garbage in order to sediment and ash mostly over the past 10 years, packaging, content proliferation, in particular, the biggest increase in plastic products. Unfortunately, the sanitation sector has been the lack of accurate statistics.

In April 2008, Peking University School of Environmental and Engineering Associate Professor Zhen-Shan and its 113 students to different types of Beijing residents conducted a sample survey of household garbage, residents are requested to put all garbage (including the originally intended to sell the garbage) placed in a special collected in the bucket for study. Survey results show that Beijing produced 0.233 kilograms per person per day garbage, kitchen waste accounts for about 70%.

“Based on our study, it strictly to clean vegetables to urban policy, we can reduce the overall amount of waste 18% ~ 22%.” Wei-Ping Wang of the reporter said, “are doing so in developed countries, China’s urban managers have not conducted in-depth study, ignoring the potential costs of Mao’s dishes. ”

According to Wang Ping’s calculations, each brought in 300 tons of wool with root vegetables, leaves, it will produce 60 tons of waste, two add up to 120 tons of invalid transport. Currently, Beijing processing 1 ton of garbage costs of 158 yuan, if we include the depreciation of fixed assets per ton waste disposal fee is as high as 272 yuan. In contrast, if Lancai to field, not only can recuperate soil fertility, but also simplify the waste disposal program, a huge advantage. “The Government is worried that people complain about the high price of vegetables, there is no strength to promote clean vegetables to urban policy. But eventually passed the final or the common people suffer.” Wang Wei-ping.

According to statistics, Britain, the United States and other developed countries of the kitchen waste accounts for only 30% of the total garbage, which they practiced clean vegetables to urban policy are closely linked. However, the Chinese-style cooking of fresh raw materials, pay attention to the Chinese people traditionally eat a very serious phenomenon of waste, in order to change this situation in a short time, no easy task.

Kitchen waste to make high levels of urban garbage in Beijing up to 50% moisture content, which greatly reduces the calorific value of garbage is not conducive to controlling the temperature incinerator to increase the probability of the generation of dioxins. High content of organic kitchen waste, landfill odor after the apt, not easy to handle. Thus, the solution kitchen waste the most effective way is to compost, but compost require a higher purity of the waste, if the mixture too much plastic packaging materials, composting results will be significantly reduced.

In 2007, Beijing selected 144 living garbage classification model units, began a pilot garbage classification. In January 2009, Peking University School of Environmental Science and Engineering, organized more than 10 teachers and students, with 4 months of this 144 model units conducted a questionnaire survey and field unannounced visits and found that only 35 units configuration a kitchen waste disposal facilities, of which only two are still running, and the rest are for various reasons have been idle, utterly useless. These facilities are all the original investment in the construction of the Beijing Municipal Government, but including bacteria and utilities, labor and other operating expenses to be flat from residential property or the authority itself out. However, the fermentation resulting from inability to sell at the price of fertilizer, only to residential garden fertilizer, the economic worth the candle.

In contrast, waste paper, beer bottles and empty water bottles, garbage collection, high-value situation much better. China has always been a well-established recycling system, although the system is owned by business unit management, but the sanitation sector in the statistical garbage collection efficiency, there would always refuse to include this part. In accordance with Beijing Normal University, doctoral student of environmental history up to the hair, and if does not include waste recycling, then the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee will not be able to complete the world’s commitment to 2008 garbage treatment rate of 100%, classification rate of 50%, Utilization rate of 30% target.

However, Peking University, 113-home survey results showed that Beijing residents refuse paper and plastic each about 10% recycled paper in which only half of the total garbage paper, most newspapers have a recovery value is recyclable paper only 1 / 3, the rest are food packaging, advertising a single, broken office paper and other paper packaging, the general public will not initiate separation and recovery.

Plastic garbage among the high-value plastics account for only 1 / 10, the rest are food packaging (such as plastic bags and bags of instant noodles) and other low-value plastic, the residents will not take the initiative to recall. This part of the low value of the total value of trash in the recyclable materials account for 43% ~ 60%, if the implementation of a comprehensive separation and recovery, driven by economic interests than rely solely on the pattern of recovery of waste recycling companies to improve recovery performance is more than doubled. But it is because of their low price, making this part of the garbage into a waste separation and recovery process of the biggest obstacles. How to make people understand their value, not an easy task. As a result, this part of the garbage and kitchen waste is usually mixed together, was taken to a composting site or incinerator. In fact, it is this part of the garbage contained in the poor performance of permeable breathable plastic, leading to compost kitchen waste are greatly reduced, it is precisely because this part of the garbage contained in the plastic with a chlorine atom, in the burning furnace in the incomplete combustion of epigenetic into dioxins.

Thus, in order to reduce the amount of waste to achieve waste recycling and harmless, we must first solve the trash problem.

Trash

“Beijing is the world’s first proposed the concept of city garbage separation, which is recognized worldwide.” Wei-Ping Wang of the reporter said, “July 11, 1957″ Beijing Daily “an essay, entitled called” junk should be classified the collection. “Unfortunately, after we are engaged in too many political campaigns, waste separation, did not insist to do so.”

In 2000, the Ministry of Construction established a national eight waste separation pilot cities, Beijing Bangshangyouming. The reason is because the Olympic Games, the Beijing Municipal government has promised foreign garbage classification rate of 50%, but this refers only to 50% of the cell with trash bins. When the residents see the sanitation workers inside the classification of garbage were all poured into a garbage truck moved away, they naturally lost interest to the trash.

“Beijing’s trash why not carry on, largely because of the follow-up sorting facilities are not in place.” Located at the southeast corner of Beijing’s Fourth Ring Road, a small Takemoto large-scale solid waste transfer station owners Wang Hongzhe right reporter said, “At present Beijing has rough sorting capacity of a refuse transfer station is only two blocks, the daily processing capacity of about 3,000 tons. The remaining 15,000 tons were largely silent sorting garbage directly into the landfill. ”

Small Takemoto transfer station under the Beijing Environmental Sanitation Group, a clear division, the company was founded in 1949, the first is called “Beijing No. 1 clean vehicle plant.” “In the past our plant Operations Section, the next most important task is to find an open dump, filled with a pit look for the next one, and thus has been piled into the ring from the Ring, Ring, rings … …” director Wang recalled说.

Change occurred in 1994. That year the German government and Beijing to cooperate to help Beijing to establish a modern waste disposal station. 1 The works include five waste disposal facilities, transfer stations and the Northern god of small Takemoto Tree Landfill in southeastern Beijing, is responsible for garbage classification, transfer and landfill, Ma F, transfer stations and landfill sites to deal with Beijing and stability of South-West areas of waste, in addition a composting plant was built a palace dedicated to dealing with kitchen waste.

“German experts are dedicated to the collection of refuse spread on the floor one by one classification, then the components according to the Beijing Municipal solid waste characteristics, design a set for Beijing’s garbage classification system.” Director Wang said.

Reporter walked into a small Takemoto transfer station, the first impression is that it is nothing like a place to dispose of refuse, not only smell the odor, and even the garbage can not see, the whole process of sorting all of the plant took place in a confined within the , the basic need of workers to participate. All aspects of waste disposal has a video monitor, as long as the central control room clean and tidy with a staff member on it.

Video shows garbage truck shipment of garbage was first placed on the conveyor belt, picked by the workers responsible for big-ticket items such as furniture or electrical appliances. And then refuse to enter a length of 11 meters, diameter of 3 meters oblique rollers, was roller holes on the screen is divided into the two types of objects and materials under the screen.

Sieve on the first pass magnetic material selected magnetic metals, and then elected by the wind to blow out of the plastic quality, lighter separate collection, the rest sent to incineration. Under the first sieve through the magnetic material is also, and then bounce into the aperture finer screen, the screen down the ash are smaller in diameter, directly sent to landfill. Screen on the matter are mostly kitchen waste, organic matter content of 40% ~ 60%, is good luck to the palace aerobic composting plant for composting.

Simply put, in addition to large waste and metal, the small Takemoto is basically in accordance with the physical properties of coarse refuse points, sending a large volume of fire, sent compost medium, small pieces transported to the landfill, if the volume of large off than light, they will be treated as a separate sub-out plastic for resource re-use. After this coarse classification sub-systems, many of the problems dealing with the aftermath would be a good solution. For example, small Takemoto burning material out of a high calorific value, is a native of garbage twice, basically do not add accelerant can be self-burning, easy to control the furnace temperature incineration plant to improve power generation efficiency and reduce residues. High Security Tun incineration plant is mixed prior to burning garbage, for every 100 tons of garbage incineration will produce 40 tons of debris still need to landfill, using a small Takemoto burning ingredients, for every 100 tons of garbage incineration residues produced only 10 tons of , thereby reducing the landfill burden.

Another example, from small Takemoto out of landfill materials have been crushed, organic matter content of less landfill leachate, after not much and not prone to pile body collapse. Takemoto supporting the North and small trees of God and parks sanitary landfill is almost similar to stack layers of a body after compaction and cover and then planted different types of lawn, that I can not see down the mountain are all rubbish heap. A small amount of methane gas through the catheter removed from the body leads to the heap, used for power generation, a small amount of leachate through the waste water treatment could be fish. Several years later, after the garbage is completely mineralized into the soil, you can re-use.

Such a system looks very perfect, can be said to represent the future of waste disposal. The problem is that the system costly, small Takemoto imported sorting equipment and supporting facilities spent a total of 1.7 million daily processing capacity is only 1,500 tons. If all of Beijing have been similar to the refuse treatment, need to invest 1.7 billion, not including land acquisition costs and operating costs, and incremental garbage will inevitably lead to additional investment.

Thus, although these “De do” project since 1997, began to operate and achieved remarkable results, but until now, Beijing is still only a small Takemoto and Ma Ka Lau separation of these two solid waste transfer station. Dongcheng Xicheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, and the northern region only by the refuse transfer stations and Aso Wei Datun landfill for processing. The system is to use World Bank loan to build, and do not have the garbage sorting functions, only a simple garbage removal, car carts for transport to the outside, and even it can be seen as a logistics company. It is not difficult to understand why the city’s waste separation project has been Zuobuxiaqu of.

If we say that only the need to invest 1.7 billion will solve the problem, and is pretty easy, the problem is sorting the efficiency of this system really is worrying. Takemoto garbage transported to the small kitchen I mixed a lot of waste, high water content, are complicated, impossible to distinguish between a clean sorting machines alone. For example, plastic accounts for 10% of the total garbage, but after sorting out the system in which the plastic only 1 / 10, that is, if we do not burn and compost as a resource re-use, then a small Takemoto day can sort out the 15 tons of waste plastics for re-processing, accounting for only 1% of the total garbage.

Even this 1% of the plastic is quite a mixed bag, various types of both. Thus, small Takemoto sorting out garbage can only be used as crude materials for recycling, such as a mixture made from plastic-wood and timber materials for the production of railings, covers, or a container tray and so on, the lower value-added.

Beijing Olympic Games once again provided a small Takemoto opportunities for improvement. In order to show the world Beijing’s determination to implement garbage separation plant imported from Germany in three sets of refined sorting system that according to the spectral characteristics of different materials, to refuse further classified. For example, the system can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC) alone sorting out, to prevent such high levels of chlorine into the incineration plant of plastic to reduce the dioxin release.

During the Olympic Games, small Takemoto and North sacred tree was selected as the focus of Beijing to visit the external unit, received a large number of foreign guests and journalists to visit.

The optical sorting system is the most important, star of the star.

Is the star must have a corresponding social status. Each set of optical sorting system, which costs three million yuan, but only for separation of a material. Small Takemoto spend nine million yuan to buy three sets to form an assembly line, the daily garbage handling capacity of only 200 tons. According to the plan, the system will be devoted to processing through the rough points, non-residential kitchen waste, to separate the waste, but the reporter was at 15 o’clock on the 12th to visit the factory when we got there the line had been stopped. It turned out that because of Beijing residents refuse classification of incomplete, transport capacity has also failed to keep pace, the small Takemoto dozens of tons per day can only get this kind of rubbish, not enough to eat.

So, if the Beijing Municipal Government in carrying out their refuse, and spared no expense to buy new equipment, whether it will be able to completely resolve the impasse spam? The answer is not so simple. “Xiao Wu Ji-ming’s goal is to raise the rate plastic separator 2 to 3 percentage points, but do not forget, now burning furnace burning mainly plastic waste, if we put plastics are picked clean, and burning furnace no material can be burned. “Beijing Environmental Sanitation Group, a division vice president of Dong Li Qing to the reporter expounded a reason.

It seems that the Beijing Municipal Government have been made between the classification and burned the choice.

So, is there any better solutions?

The plight of scavengers

November 12, Beijing sudden heavy snowfall, temperatures dropped below zero degrees Celsius. 5:00, Beijing Yizhuang Economic Development Zone in the vicinity of a farm in a small hospital early light the lamp, a group, speaking in accents of the people began to fire in Sichuan cooking, this time the yard has not reared in a nest of chickens crow.

1 hour, these people put on dirty clothes, outside the set of a clean orange coat, boarded a dilapidated truck, arrived at the six-loop field outside the West tianyang landfill ban. At this time was barely dawn, reporter at the scene observed, the first one garbage truck to enter the landfill, poured out a garbage truck, foot, 15 tons. Workers rushed to go with both hands Bakai rotten leaves, and stained with waste every day the paper, the plastic bottles, disposable lunch boxes, old shoes, and all the valuable things thrown into the backs of the basket, the action quickly and accurately .

Soon, a bulldozer opened came in to push rubbish into landfill center. Track Guo Department, who had been snow-covered trash re-turned out, the workers followed the bulldozers back, re-turning pick yesterday, picking up the remaining garbage. Bulldozer driver did not seem aware of their existence, casually turn and walk backwards and accelerate. The workers seem to have long been familiar with the trend of bulldozer while deftly avoiding the Zheliang Big Mac while Touyebutai to continue to work. Under the pressure of snow in the track began to melt snow to mix with garbage and dirt, making the entire garbage dump into a huge pit, distribution of a garbage dump unique smell. Someone lit a cigarette, and more people seem to not care and says loudly laughing.

At dawn, a refuse collection vehicles in single file down the doors, the workers do not have to follow the bulldozers go, because the New garbage quickly than they pick up speed. Basket filled quickly, the workers picked up garbage put into a larger Ma Teng bags and return to garbage dumps continue to work. Two hours later, gunny-bag was full, and the workers by hand refuse compaction, truss, and then forced together lifted trucks and transported back to that farm small courtyard, unloaded, and then back to garbage dumps continue to work.

11 am, the workers also brought back a garbage truck, two cars together about 8 tons. At this point the smoke start anew, and workers for cooking. A 5 ~ 6-year-old boy alone in the yard playing games, toys, plastic turned out to be a bulldozer. Chiba lunch, we will be idle chatter of nibbling, they came to each speaker on private plots and began to classify today’s trophy. Everyone stood around piled several cloth, workers skilled in the garbage picked up into the bag, respectively. “Bottle 1.8 yuan, 1 yuan a good plastic, plastic sheeting 6 wool, disposable lunch box 4 hair, shoes 4 hair, tin 1 yuan, metal hair … 8 …” a female named Qiao Kwai Fong skillfully reported, each kilograms of garbage value.

“Today also picked up a few sweet potatoes, Retention eat that night.” She was pleased to fish out from the box a few health sweet potatoes, skin on the hand wipe the mud, put it aside.

Qiao Gui 30-year-year-old, from Sichuanbazhong County. She and her husband came to Beijing to work for one year, her husband found a live construction site, and she then when on the trash collector. “Dry building to more money, but unstable, the house also have to find on the cover of the new job. Garbage every day, earn quite a few, I earn more than 2000 pieces a month.”

Next to a worker named Li-hua Qiao did four years, fast chips, a month earns 3000. Her husband is here and is responsible for driving. The couple have two children, both foster care in the home in Pakistan by her mother looked at. “Our family has a cover of the buildings, are picking up litter with earned!” Qiao Li-hua said proudly.

But that is the Retention among new house with old-age, and she now had to and another 13 workers lived in this farmhouse yard. She and her husband live in a single, sparsely furnished house, only a bed and a table, there is no heating in winter can only rely on heating blanket. However, compared to those jobless scavengers, Qiao Li-hua, the situation should be much better. She is the “Beijing Mau Chau Xueqiong Materials Recycling Co., Ltd.,” the official employees, and the company had signed employment contracts. The company rented a house without paying rent and utilities. Refuse sales by the company responsible for the money and the company earned 46 open, and she took the bulk, the company took a small head.

“Beijing Municipal Committee of the sediment control office do not allow us picking up, journalists are invited to help to the leadership of Comrade reflect the situation reflected in it.” Chairman Dumao Island frankly said, “ragpicker allows countries to save resources, rural surplus labor force the problem, but the government does not support, and now Beijing has only 23 are still maintained. ”

Du Mao had CCTV on the Island in 2005 the news room was also known as the “capital Polan Wang,” get-rich-labor model. 4 years later, he was slightly fatter, his face the smile has disappeared, leaving only a look of sadness. He took out a letter addressed to city leaders, the reporter told him that more than 20 years experience.

Du Mao Island was originally a primary school teacher Sichuanbazhong the region in 1989, he came to Beijing to work, from picking up litter and started, and gradually accumulated a fortune. In 1993 he registered in Beijing this material recycling companies, its peak employed 1,000 people from his home in Pakistan and might not stay in the region of migrant workers, the annual income of more than 50 million yuan. Now his men only less than 50 employees and annual revenue dropped thousands of dollars.

In 1995, the Beijing Municipal Committee of sediment control management introduced new policies to prevent scavengers picking up rubbish into landfill sites, they can only Touzhe dry, or fought in outer suburbs. In 1999 the Beijing Municipal Environmental Sanitation Bureau decided to Xuanwu, Chongwen, Xicheng, Dongcheng, Chaoyang these five areas of waste building to engage in conditional classification experiments to allow scavengers into the floor, sorted and recycled garbage. While the trash flats not taken into account when planning the issue scavengers, area is usually small, but the scavengers, after all, have their own workplace, working conditions greatly improved. This five pilot districts of about 1,000 tons a day, separation of renewable resources for the state to restore economic 损失 60 million. But only for scavengers often compete for resources in order to fight, refuse floor health situation is not ideal, many residents began to object to it. As a result, the eve of the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing has been shut down all the garbage floor, no longer allowed scavengers to enter.

“Realistically speaking, the best place to trash landfill.” Dumao Island to the reporter said, “because the garbage in the building to residential garbage sorting, sorting, packing and temporary stacking space needed, the city very tight site, the right of attribution difficult to coordinate, waste separation, well done. landfills above problem does not exist, they are far away from cities, is the best place recycling of renewable resources. ”

But the municipal governing committee does not think so. Landfill poor sanitary conditions, but also there is a certain risk, there had been incidents in which people bulldozer crushed to death, so Beijing 市市政管委 decided to close the landfill.

Du Mao Island when they ran up package of seven landfill sites, and today only three must also be surreptitiously dry. The West tianyang landfill is his annual package down to spend 40,000 yuan, according to the size of scavengers can accommodate 100 workers, but the fear out of landfill trouble, allowing only a dozen individuals to enter higher-level experience to come and inspection work on the need to knock off. This brought into the landfill every day about 800 tons of garbage from the Tongzhou, if 100 people pick, picked up at least 80 tons of renewable raw materials. But because of staff shortage, now can only pick 8 tons per day.

“Today’s workers are lazy, and is not our time, the garbage truck came, just like the rush to war, two minutes put a garbage truck picking was erased.” Only when he recalled the time of the original picking up litter scenarios, the net worth of over one million allegedly “garbage king” of the face would smile, “I then have a nickname called ‘48 basket ‘, meaning that I have fast chips, 48 baskets a day, picking garbage, 30 kg per basket, add up to 1.5 tons. now no need to fight the workers, the speed is also slow, only picking up 500 kilograms per person per day has. ”

WANG Wei-ping on the landfill site when Beijing’s “grand” is also fresh in my memory. “In 1987 I was planning section of Beijing Environmental Sanitation Bureau Chief, a day when two Sichuanbazhong farmers find me, he said he could not find work, and begged me to grant them, picking up rubbish into landfill. When it is deepest winter They live in the Fengtai suburb’s public toilets, because the toilets are also some pipes in the city, and not allow them to live. I think they are poor, give them to open the note, with him on that day led the 500 villagers live in the landfill, in the sidelines and constructing a row of ‘kennel’, regarded as an home. They were divided into seven groups, each with a class of materials, picking only. Jianlai of broken bricks sold to a nearby farmers, other renewable resources are all transported to a processing plant in Hebei, where scrap metal sold to rogue County, broken glass sold Handan, rubber soles sold to Dingzhou, waste plastics to sell its paper-an, paper sold to Baoding. There is also a group is the dark is responsible for raising pigs refuse. ”

The two entrepreneurs called an XJ before, and the other Mingjiao Du Mao Xian. They charge a monthly 500 yuan to each scavengers management fee, but the scavengers earn per month to 1,500 yuan, the top was the then average annual income of workers. Now that the two have become the garbage collection area of the boss, and Du Mao Island is the Du Mao Xian’s brother, reasonable to say that in this industry has incomparable superiority of others, but he already Mengshengtuiyi. “I intend to be diverted to engage in the construction of.” Du Mao-chou, “government does not support garbage collection, Zuobuxiaqu of.”

Not only the government does not support, sanitation system, the staff is firmly standing on the opposite of the scavengers. “I clearly remember, ‘SARS’ period we have done extremely well by the waste composition, income is also very good, because picking up litter in all ran.” Dong Li said to the reporter, “This industry risk, worthless trash We received no valuable possession we have, which is called the reciprocal rights and obligations. In addition, the cost of waste management nationalization high, because we must implement standardized management, and certainly at a loss. picking up litter regardless of how we might and compete with them? Therefore, the Government must be clear, in the end who intends to rely on. If you want to count on us, you have to give us the appropriate support, increased investment to help us develop new products, separation of a larger category of garbage. ”

In Dongli view, picking up in this industry do not meet the requirements of an international metropolis, social perception is not good, can lead people to think that the gap between rich and poor is too high. In addition scavengers poor management, infectious diseases and crime problems difficult to resolve. Wang Wei-ping, also has the same feeling: “According to the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau survey, 72% of criminal cases, Beijing, scavengers dry. A lot of low quality scavengers, picking Buzhuo on to steal, steal Buzhao the looting. Beijing for one year lost 30000 a manhole cover, were sold stolen scavengers. In addition, 70% of scavengers of infectious diseases is a huge urban public health risks. ”

However, Wang Wei-ping, scavengers made a great contribution to society, the credit can not disregard. “Beijing’s garbage collection efficiency is the highest in the world, this is not the Government’s credit, but the contribution of scavengers.” Wei-Ping Wang told the reporter, last year filmed a CCTV called “Tale of Two Cities,” the Olympic documentary , compare the Beijing and London in urban transport, environmental pollution and food safety advantages and disadvantages of five areas, Beijing, only in the garbage collection on this point is better than in London.

“Western developed countries since the mid-80s last century, vigorously promote the residents refuse, and why? The reason is that these national economic development, and social welfare system is sound, the poor prefer to stay at home remedies do not go to eat, picking up rubbish scavengers class disappeared, so the government can only shift the burden of trash to the people. ”

Wei-Ping Wang cited the case of Japan. The Government of Japan since the mid-80s of last century was launched refuse, and the total amount of domestic garbage in 1989, reached its peak, then gradually decreasing in 2008 than in 1989 decreased by 44%, 1989 incineration plant from 25 down to 2008 15 years.

Long been engaged in research in Japan refuse Nagoya University Agronomy Research Center of International Education Cooperation Assistant Professor, Dr. Tomoko Okayama October 25 in Beijing, representatives of environmental organizations, has done a report indirectly confirmed WANG Wei-ping argument. Nagoya sea because it is difficult to find a landfill site in 1999, experienced a similar waste disposal in Beijing today faces a crisis. Since then, the center of Nagoya, the waste management front-end from the end of the address change control, with particular emphasis on packaging reduction, waste separation and recycling, just spent two years, the relevant measures to bear fruit, and overall amount of waste reduced 25.6 %, classified collection of materials has also tripled. Waste incineration rate from 1998 to 79% to 2004 56%, and most of the garbage is burned biomass wastes such as kitchen waste, paper and wood waste, plastic little, does not produce dioxin .

Indeed, the domestic media one can often read about the Japanese how to carry out waste articles, make sure that those who engaged in this industry envy, sighing sense of the Chinese people’s trash can be achieved when the Japanese level. However, Dong Li’s point of view may be more representative of the Chinese people’s views: “As a taxpayer, I do not want it-yourself engaged in waste separation, but we hope the Government to control up garbage problem. I think the litter problem is that the Government should be for taxpayers the provision of public services, a good example. ”

Beijing Municipal People’s Government issued April 24 this year, a “waste of life on Comprehensive Promotion of Work” clearly pointed out: “Life is a relationship between people’s livelihood garbage basic public welfare.” This new location has changed in the past too much emphasis on rely on the garbage industry to solve garbage problem in practice, replaced by government-led, mainly relying on a new model for financial allocations.

The problem is that, for China, a populous developing country in terms of whether the Government have the ability to stir up the burden?

Brazilian Model

“In the waste disposal issue, you do not copy the European model.” Swedish packaging giant Tetra Pak-China, Miss Yang Bin, vice president of the visit to Europe, the European peer-right, she said, “The EU’s eastward expansion when the Eastern European countries copied the Western European model of by the government investment to build a modern garbage sorting equipment, the result is that the Government and the scavengers grab garbage cleaners locked bins during the day, then it broke down the night scavengers. Eastern Europe there are many poor people, they have been scavenging for many years, no garbage can not find work. ”

As responsible for the spread of vice president of corporate image, Miss Yang Bin attaches great importance to the utilization of renewable resources, once to Brazil on an inspection tour of local waste disposal model. Brazil and China, as people’s awareness of trash is not high, but it has a large contingent of migrant workers. As a result, the Brazilian government for the country’s status quo, taking a flexible approach, does not require the residents refuse to implement detailed classification, but only requires them to two kinds of garbage into dry and wet. Residents need to follow the weight of wet waste dumping to the government payments, of dry waste, free of charge. Wet waste by the government department responsible for handling, or compost, or landfill, scavengers of dry waste, will be given to cooperatives, so that they are responsible for separation.

Scavengers is not entirely self-financing co-operative enterprise, but is the government, business and NGO’s great support. The Brazilian government in the city a piece of land earmarked for the co-operative use, business and NGO responsible for providing the core equipment (mainly sorting lines and balers), and management guidance.

Transported by conveyor belt into the garbage sorting plant, the workers were standing in line on both sides of the manual sorting. Because they were all dry waste, sorting them is not a dirty, sorting speed may not be mechanized sorting fast, but high degree of accuracy. More importantly, this approach saves a lot of investment, but also to solve the labor employment problems.

“These scavengers have been incorporated into the social security system, everyone has social security and health insurance.” Yang Bin of the reporter said, “do not ask for this work on the body, and even to solve the employment problems of persons with disabilities.”

Brazil is the country a total of 435 cooperatives, creating a total of more than 50 million job opportunities. The cooperative’s members an average monthly income of 270 U.S. dollars, reaching the lowest income levels in Brazil more than doubled.

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